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COSMOLOGY/
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THE
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THE UNIVERSE
Photo credits:
NASA, Rogier Windhorst (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ), and the
Hubble mid-UV team
How big is space?
You just won't believe
how vastly, hugely, mindbogglingly big it is.
Space
Is it true that the universe has a spherical shape?
How do we know?
Shape
of the Universe
Straight
lines
Flat
Universe?
If the universe is
expanding, are we expanding too?
No. The forces which hold
us together oppose the universal expansion.
The
expanding universe
If the Universe is Expanding, Does that Mean Atoms are Getting Bigger?
If the universe is
expanding, what is it expanding into?
Nothing. The universe
has no "outside".
Expanding
universe
Universe
expansion.
Where is the centre of the
universe?
The universe has no centre.
The
expanding universe
Where is the centre of the Universe?
Is the universe
infinitely big? Does it have an edge?
It might be infinitely
big, but it probably doesn't have an edge.
Universe
and Infinity
Does
space end?
Infinite
Universe?.
When we look into space,
are we really looking back in time?
Yes, because of the time
that light from distant stars takes to reach us.
State
of the universe
How will the Universe
End?
END
OF THE UNIVERSE
THE END
FATE OF THE
UNIVERSE
How did the Universe begin?
The exact trigger is still unknown.
From: B.C.
®
At the moment of the big bang, the temperature was in the
billions of degrees. Out of this energetic soup came quarks and gluons,
which existed in a quark/gluon soup. As the temperature dropped and a
fraction of a second after the big bang, the quarks were united by the
gluons. This is the reason we never see quarks as an individual entity, we
cannot as yet go back and achieve the necessary temperatures. There than
existed protons neutrons and electrons.
At this stage the universe
was opaque. This lasted for about 300,000 years until the temperature
dropped far enough for protons and neutrons to capture electrons and so
form the first atoms. This is how the light elements hydrogen and helium
were formed. From there we arrived at stars, galaxies, black holes, more
stars, and finally the emergence of life. I'm reasonably sure I have this
scenario correct, but am open to change.
Key Concepts
- During the first four seconds of the universe, matter formed by pair
production.
- After two minutes, deuterium formed by the fusion of protons and
neutrons.
- After three minutes, helium formed by the fusion of deuterium,
protons, and neutrons.
BIG BANG
What is Big Bang?
ANSWER
What caused the Big
Bang?
ANSWER
What is quantum
foam?
ANSWER
How credible is the Big Bang
(and what's the observational evidence)?
ANSWER
BB
1 - The Evidence Tutorial
What's the
history of the steady state model, and why has it been discarded
?
ANSWER
What's wrong with the "Tired
Light" model here?
ANSWER
What happened before the big
bang?
ANSWER
What is space.?
ANSWER
Is space a vacuum? Why is there no sound
in space?
ANSWER
What is time?
ANSWER
Why is
it that stars twinkle, but planets don't?
It has to do with
their apparent sizes in the sky.
Properties
of reflected light,
Planets
twinkling
Why Do Stars Twinkle While Planets Do Not?
Why are planets
spherical?
Gravity makes them that way.
Why
are planets spherical?
Is there life
on other planets?
We don't know for sure yet, but we can
guess at the chances.
Aliens
May
2000 and aliens
Life
and DNA,
Sounds
from Mars.
Dr Karl S. Kruszelnicki
speaks……..
Life On Europa,
Part 1
Life On Europa,
Part 2
A brief history of cosmology
A
brief history of cosmology
Were the
moon landings faked?
Man
on the moon
Stars
from the moon.
Why does the Moon appear larger when it is on
the horizon?
Why
does the Moon appear large on the Horizon?
Moon
Summary
- it's an optical illusion that also applies to the Sun (Why
the Sun looks bigger on the horizon).
What is SETI?
ANSWER
http://sherpa.sandia.gov/planet-impact/comet/
CTH 3D Comet Impact
Simulations
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/asteroidpage.html
Asteroids
and Comets
http://impact.arc.nasa.gov/index.html
Asteroid and Comet Impact
Hazards
What
happens in a Supernova?
Supernova
Tutorial
Why do the planets not fall
into the sun?
ANSWER
Why do Saturn and others have
rings?
ANSWER
How does a star form?
ANSWER
What is dark matter ?
ANSWER
What is Dark Matter?
What are quasars ?
ANSWER
Space junk Why do we have to crash it on
earth & not push it into the sun??
ANSWER
What is the closest star to
Earth?
ANSWER
If the moon was destroyed (by whatever
means) would life on Earth be dramatically affected?
ANSWER
Kuiper Belt and Comets
ANSWER
How many stars can you see at night?
ANSWER
How do they measure the speed of light?
ANSWER
How is the speed of light measured?
Mercury's Orbital Precession
Mercury's Orbital Precession, General Relativity, and the Solar Bulge
Olbers' Paradox
Olbers' Paradox
What Causes the Hubble Redshift?
What Causes the Hubble Redshift?
Greg L Private Cosmology
Stash
Cosmology and Cosmogeny
The
Big Bang-The First Few Moments
The
Outer Planets-How did they form?
How
did our solar system form?
Astrophysics
What
are quasars?
What
is a 'gamma-ray burst?'
What
is a supernova? What creates them? Why are they so violent? Read Chris's
(avatar) tutorial to find out.
Planets
Planets
with rings-how do they form?
Alien
life
Panspermia?
Seed pod Earth and the Mars meteorite.
Nebulas
What
is a nebula? What are they made of?
Gravity Waves
What
are gravity waves? What causes them?
Stars
Galaxies
http://spacelink.nasa.gov/Instructional.Materials/Curriculum.Support/Space.Science/Near.Earth.Impact.Hazards/
Near
Earth Impact Hazards
http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmolog.htm
Welcome to Ned Wright's Cosmology Tutorial
http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni.html
NASA
Cosmology: The Study of the Universe
http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/
The Constellations and their Stars
http://www.badastronomy.com/
BADASTRONOMY.COM
The Nine Planets is
an overview of the history, mythology, and current scientific knowledge of
each of the planets and moons in our solar system. Each page has text and
images, some have sounds and movies, most provide references to additional
related information.
http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/billa/tnp/
The Nine
Planets
Ever wonder what it would look like to
travel to a black hole? A neutron star? If so, you might find this page
interesting. Here you will find descriptions and MPEG movies that take you
on such exciting trips. These movies are scientifically accurate computer
animations made with strict adherence to Einstein's General Theory of
Relativity. The descriptions are written to be understandable on a variety
of levels - from the casually curious to the professionally inquisitive.
It is hoped that students from grade school to graduate school will find
these virtual trips educational.
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn_bht.html
Virtual Trips to Black Holes and Neutron Stars
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or
photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief
explanation written by a professional astronomer.
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/aptree.html
Astronomy Picture of the Day
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/calendar/allyears.html
Astronomy
Picture of the Day calendar
If you look up at the night sky
with your naked eye all you see is a black void with a few points of white
light. But with a camera and a telescope an entirely different view
unfolds in brilliant color and amazing detail. The pages that follow
introduce a few of these spectacular objects. The study of the physics of
many of these objects is of considerable scientific importance but their
simple beauty can be enjoyed by all.
http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/
The Web Nebulae
Portal to a dozen or
more sites
http://sciastro.astronomy.net/sci.astro.1.html
http://sciastro.astronomy.net/sci.astro.1.html
Since
its inception in 1958, NASA has accomplished many great scientific and
technological feats in air and space. NASA technology also has been
adapted for many non-aerospace uses by the private sector. NASA remains a
leading force in scientific research and in stimulating public interest in
aerospace exploration, as well as science and technology in general.
Perhaps more importantly, our exploration of space has taught us to view
the Earth, ourselves, and the universe in a new way. While the tremendous
technical and scientific accomplishments of NASA demonstrate vividly that
humans can achieve previously inconceivable feats, we also are humbled by
the realization that Earth is just a tiny "blue marble" in the cosmos.
http://www.nasa.gov/
NASA
The AAO operates the Anglo-Australian and UK
Schmidt telescopes on behalf of the astronomical communities of Australia
and the UK. To this end the Observatory is funded equally by the
Australian and British Governments. Its function is to provide world-class
observing facilities for British and Australian optical
astronomers.....
http://www.aao.gov.au/
The
Anglo-Australian Observatory
Space News threads
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